![]() To quantify the effect of these weather variables, we use state-of-the-art econometric techniques that enable us to exploit comprehensive cross-county and within-county variation and achieve very high statistical precision in the empirical estimates. As climatic indicators, we use hourly weather variables 24 capturing: (1) temperature (2) relative humidity (3) wind speed and (4) total precipitation in each county at a given date. ![]() Using over 1.2 million observations and coverage of all seasons of the year, we examine the effect of weather on three alternative indicators 22, 23 which aim to capture the pandemic situation within a county on a given date: (1) (log) new cases (2) number of new cases within the last 14 days per 100,000 habitants (notification rate) (3) (log) cases. To investigate the weather-pandemic nexus, we collect a unique dataset covering 3376 counties in 114 states/regions from nine countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, and the United States) between 1st of January 2020 and 31st of December 2020, at a daily frequency. Thus, while the epidemiological channel implies lower cases during higher temperatures, the direction of the effect of weather through the social channel is not clear a priori, which may explain the conflicting results of previous empirical studies. From a behavioral perspective, weather alters mobility levels, social distancing, and location of social gatherings, which in turn affects the spread of the virus across individuals 19, 20, 21. Since higher temperatures harm the lipid layer of the virus 10, 16, 17, the viability of the SARS Coronavirus is substantially impaired at higher temperature levels 18. From an epidemiological standpoint, the survival and spread of a virus depends on the temperature of its environment. Weather can influence virus contagion in two distinct ways. Although a range of studies has provided empirical evidence for the negative relationship between temperature and contagion 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, several scholars come to contrasting conclusions by showing that the containment potential of weather differs substantially with respect to effect sizes, significance levels, weather indicators, regions, and time periods 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Like other epidemic diseases, the trajectories in many countries show strong seasonal patterns with fewer cases during summer and more during winter. Check the ticket restrictions for details. For Basic Economy travel between Jand December 31, 2021, customers can now make changes to their upcoming flight without change fees through our temporary 2021 Basic Economy Changeability Waiver.The effect of weather on the spread of the coronavirus is one of the most investigated research questions since the onset of the pandemic 1, 2, 3. *Some Basic Economy tickets originating from Europe, Africa, and other international markets may be changeable for a fee. Not sure what waiver policy applies to your ticket? Please use the Delta Waiver Code Finder to determine which of Delta’s active waivers apply to a specific ticket. However, if you purchase a Basic Economy ticket after April 30, 2021, this ticket is non-refundable and non-changeable.įor full details, terms & conditions, please visit "Coronavirus Situation - Change Fee-Bulletin 11". We have eliminated change fees for tickets in North America to anywhere in the world and from the Caribbean to the United States or Mexico. Trips Originating in North America & the Caribbean For tickets purchased after our COVID-19 travel waiver expires on April 30, 2021, a change fee will apply, and Basic Economy tickets will be non-refundable and non-changeable in most instances.* We have waived change fees for all tickets purchased on or before April 30, 2021. Trips Originating Outside of North America Travel Agency Process to Extend Ticket Validity.Please visit "Travel Agency Process to Extend Ticket Validity Due to COVID-19 For Delta 006 Tickets" for additional information. Customers will be able to rebook their ticket by December 31, 2023, for travel throughout 2024.įurthermore, all Delta customers with upcoming 2022 travel or who purchase a ticket in 2022 also have the flexibility to rebook their ticket through December 31, 2023, and travel throughout 2024, if their plans change.ĭon't worry if the new expiration date is not yet shown on the eCredit documents it will take us some time to update our system, but rest assured customers can continue to book tickets for travel anytime in 2022 or 2023 with their existing eCredits.ĭelta, ATPCO and the GDSs have identified a standard solution for travel agencies to use expired DL 006 tickets toward future bookings where validity has been extended due to COVID-19. 12, all existing eCredit holders will have an additional year of flexibility for rebooking and traveling.
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